What price Kanaklata Barua paid to keep waving Indian flag?

 Hello friends, How are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today we are going to talk about Kanaklata Barua, women freedom fighter:

• who is the youngest Assam freedom fighter in Indian history.
• who paid a huge price to keep waving Indian flag.
• also known as Birbala and Shaheed (martyr).

Let's know about a women freedom fighter whose name is Kanaklata Barua.

Kanaklata Barua

Who was Kanaklata Barua?

Kanaklata was born on 22 December 1924 in Borangabari, Gohpur village (now in Biswanath District), Assam. Her mother Karneswari died when she was five years old.

Her father, Krushana Kanta, remarried, but within a few years, her stepmother and father also died, so she lived at her maternal grandmother house. From childhood, Kanaklata accompanied her maternal uncle in any independence meeting in the village. She loved listening to freedom songs and poems.

Ever since she was young, she was deeply influenced by Jyoti Prasad Aggarwal's patriotic poems. She was also involved in the movement for the freedom of the country. She also joined the "Mrityu Bahini" organization.

What did Kanaklata Barua want to do in the local police station?

The wave of the "Quit India Movement" launched by Gandhiji was running vigorously throughout India. People of India were agitating for freedom from place to place. People of Gohpur were also participating in the movement.

The youths of "Mrityu Bahini" also decided to hoist the national flag at the police station in Gohpur. On December 20, youths were marching towards the police station carrying the national flag. They were accompanied by villagers and were led by Kanaklata Barua.

people going to police station

Kanaklata along with the villagers was at the forefront of the crowd carrying the national flag. People were marching forward to unfurl the national flag chanting slogans like "Vande Mataram", "Do or Die", "Freedom is our birthright", etc.

What price Kanaklata Barua paid to keep waving Indian flag?

When people were raising slogans outside the police station, a police officer came out from inside and asked them to stop the slogans. Kanaklata told the police officer that they have came to hoist the national flag at the police station.

officer telling to leave

The officer asked everyone to leave, otherwise they would be shot. People did not believe and kept raising slogans. Police officer Rebti Mahan Som fired at the people raising slogans. Kanaklata Barua was the foremost in raising slogans, so the bullet hit Kanaklata.

She fell on the ground due to the bullet but she did not let the national flag in her hand to fall down. When she fell on the ground, the national flag in her hand was taken away by another youth. Finally, Ramapati Rajagowa hoisted the national flag at the police station.

Conclusion:

In this article we saw that how Kanaklata Barua used to go to meetings for freedom from a young age. She wanted to join the Indian Army but due to her young age, she could not join the army and later she was martyred on 20 December 1942 while unfurling the national flag at the police station in Gohpur. 

• She was only 17 years old when she was martyred.
• Kanaklta Barua was the youngest freedom fighter of Assam. 
• She was also remembered as Laxmibai of Assam.

So here, I would like to conclude my article here. How did you liked this article on Kanaklata Barua? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about Kanaklata Barua in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will come back very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury shot British Magistrate

 Hello reader friends, how are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today in the series of Gaurav Sangrah, we are going to talk about Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury, two such sisters, Women Freedom Fighter of the country:

• who avenged the hanging of Martyr Bhagat Singh by killing an Englishman.
• who were sentenced to imprisonment at the age of 14 and 15.
• one of them was upset because she was not given the death penalty.
• even after the imprisonment, both of them lived with self-respect in the country.

Let's know the life story of Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury, woman freedom fighters of India.

Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury

Who was Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury?

Santi Ghose

Santi Ghose was born on 22 November 1916 in Calcutta. Her father Devendranath Ghose was a college professor. As a child, she loved listening and reading the stories of freedom fighters, while other children loved listening to the stories of kings and queens.

Suniti Chodhari

Suniti Choudhury was born on 22 May 1917 in Comilla district of Bangladesh (British India). Suniti was active in social activities since she was studying in school, she herself used to take lead in such social activites. Her two brothers were involved in revolutionary movements from the time they were in college. Her mother, Sundari Choudhury, also supported her children in revolutionary movements.

How did Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury join the revolutionary organization?

Kalyani Devi was the teacher in the school where Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury studied. She was a teacher who was affiliated with many revolutionary organization. Kalyani Devi was the daughter of the teacher of Subhash Chandra Bose, who used to talk about revolutionaries to the girls in the hostel.

Gun Assembling

Praful Nalini, a girl studying with Santi and Suniti, who belonged to the Yugantar Institute started by revolutionaries helped them to join the Yugantar organization. Both Santi and Suniti were secretly taught to wield guns and assassins, hate the British and be patriotic to nation.

How Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury shot British Magistrate

Bhagat Singh was sentenced to death, as a revenge thought by the revolutionaries, Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury were chosen to take revenge. On 14 December 1931, both went school to the magistrate to seek permission for a swimming competition.

Just as District Magistrate Charles Geoffrey Buckland Stevens was about to read the permission letter, both Santi and Suniti shot and killed the magistrate.

Dead District Magistrate

District Magistrate died on the spot as both of them hit the target correctly. Both of them did not try to escape after killing the magistrate but were caught by the guard. Both were happy thinking that they had avenged the execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru.

Why Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury were not sentenced to death?

As both Santi and Suniti were minors, they were not executed. Both were not prosecuted but were sentenced to life imprisonment in an underground prison. Both were upset because the death sentence was not given, both wanted to be martyred like Bhagat Singh because they use to believe him as ideol.

Apart from many atrocities on both by the British in the jail, their families were also tortured by the British. Both suffered many atrocities of the British but did not spoke a single thing about the Yugantar institution.

During World War II several agreements were made between the British and the Congress. In which imprisoned politicians and revolutionaries were released. Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury were also released from jail during that time.

How did Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury spend the rest of their lives after coming out of prison?

Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury killed an Englishman for the freedom of the country. People were proud of them both, so they lived with self-respect in the country. After coming out of the jail:

Santi Ghose

• She worked with the Congress party
• She was married to Professor Chitaranjan Das.
• Also worked in the Legislative Council in Bengal.

Suniti Choudhury

• She studied medicine and became an MBBS doctor.
• She was married to Pradhot Kumar, a leader of Majdoor Sangh.

Conclusion:

In this article we saw how two minor girls whose age were 14 and 15 years, were dedicated towards their country and their respect for their senior revolutionary. How they took revenge on Bhagat Singh and his associates by killing the District Magistrate.

Women were not usually entrusted with such task of danger by the revolutionaries but they were entrusted for this task after watching their dedication for the country's freedom. Santi Ghose died on 28 March 1989 and Suniti Choudhury died on 12 January 1986.

There are still many names of our country who dedicated themselves in the Freedom Struggle but we do not find their names in Indian history.

So readers, how did you like the story of Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about them in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will come back very soon in another article of Gaurav Sangrah with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Bina Das shooted British Governor in convocation?

 Hello friends. How are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today we are going to talk about Bina Das, a women freedom fighter;

• whose entire family were revolutionaries.
• whose father was the teacher of Subhash Chandra Bose.
• who shot British Governor without any fear.

Let us try to know the Indian history of a woman freedom fighter whose name is Bina Das.

Bina Das

Who was Bina Das?

Bina Das was born on 24 August 1911 in Krishnanagar, Bengal (British India). Her father name was Beni Madhab Das was a teacher of Subhash Chandra Bose. Her mother Sarladevi was a social worker who also secretly helped the revolutionaries.

Bina Das's sister Kalyani Das was also a revolutionary who was jailed in the country's freedom struggle. Whose parents and sister were freedom fighters of India, whose father was a teacher of a freedom fighter like Subhash Chandra Bose, his daughter could also be a revolutionary.

Why did Bina Das thought of killing the British Governor?

A novel named "Pather Dabi" written by Sarat Chandra Chotopadhyay became very famous in the country which was at the forefront of revolutionary spread. The novel wrote about the oppression and freedom inflicted on Indians by the British. So the British banned the sale of that novel. A copy of "Pather Dabi" was found by Bina Das.

Bina Das had read that novel which instilled in Bina Das hatred towards the British, resentment and a passion to do something for the country. So Bina Das joined the Yugantar organization run by the revolutionaries to teach the British a lesson. She learns that the British governor is about to come to Calcutta University and she planned to kill him.

How did Bina Das shooted British Governor in convocation?

Bina Das was to receive a degree from Calcutta University. She learns that Bengal Governor Stanley Jackson is going to attend the convocation. So she made a complete plan to kill the governor. Revolutionary Kamala Das Gupta, who used to smuggle arms for the revolutionaries, gave the gun to Bina Das.

Convocation

It was February 6, 1932, everyone was sitting in the hall at the convocation ceremony of Calcutta University. Governor Stanley Jackson was giving a speech on the stage of the ceremony.

Governor giving speech

While the speech was going on, Bina Das stood up and suddenly fired five bullets at Stanley Jackson one after the other. Bina Das missed the mark so Stanley Jackson survived, but she got caught by the police.

How did Bina Das spend her life after punishment?

Bina Das was arrested and prosecuted by the British for attempting to kill Stanley Jackson. The court sentenced Bina Das to nine years in prison for the murder. She joined the Indian National Congress party after being released from jail after nine years.

She stayed with Gandhiji and joined the "Quit India Movement". She was married to Jatishchandra Bhowmik, a colleague of Yugantar Sanstha. After the death of her husband, she left Bengal and spent her life in Rishikesh.

Conclusion:

Bina Das was awarded the Padma Shri in 1960 by the Government of India. She died mysteriously on 26 December 1986. 

So here I would to conclude this article. What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining to mention about her in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will meet again very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Pritilata Waddedar exploded the European club?

 Hello friends, how are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today from Indian History ,we are going to talk about Pritilata Waddedar, a women freedom fighter who

• was a teacher and was also associated with the revolutionaries.
• who had stormed the European club.
• the British were so afraid of her that even her degree was confiscated by the British.

So let's continue the article on Pritilata Waddedar.

Pritilata Waddedar

Introduction of Pritilata Waddedar?

Pritilata Wadedar was born on 5 May 1911 in Chittagong, Bengal (now Bangladesh). Her father's name was Jagabandhu Waddedar and her mother's name was Pratibhamayi. Earlier her surname was Dasgupta then changed to Waddedar. Pritilata was affectionately called Rani in the house.

Pritilata was educated at the Dr. Khastgir Government Girls' School and after that enrolled in Eden College, Dhaka. She took admission in Calcutta's Bethune College to pursue her further degree. Her meetings with Kalpana Dutta and Nalini Pal at Bethune College were also revolutionary.

After completing her college education, Pritilata came back to her village Chittagong and worked as a school teacher. She was greatly influenced by Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi as she fought till her last breath and did not fall into the hands of the British.

How did Pritilata meet the revolutionaries?

Pritilata could not bear seeing the atrocities and treatment of the British towards the people. She had decided to fight against the British.

She heard stories of revolutionary Surya Sen's heroic deeds from people. She also felt a desire to work with his organization. She was trying hard to meet Surya Sen.

With great difficulty she met Surya Sen but he did not want to include Pritilata in his organization. While Pritilata tried hard to join his organization, she was allowed to join the organization.

Which works Pritilata Waddedar and Surya Sen did together?

When Surya Sen along with his companions attacked the Britishers. At that time

• They disrupted the telephone line, telegram office and railway line
• Pritilata helped in supplying ammunition, arms etc. to revolutionaries in Jalalabad war.
• She also supported Surya Sen's plan to kill an English police officer named Craig of Chittagong.

disrupted telephone lines

It was impossible to meet Ramakrishna Vishwas but Pritilata went to meet him about 40 times. The British police never knew how many times she had visited the prisoner in jail. In this way Pritilata Wadedar and Surya Sen did many works together.

What did Pritilata Waddedar saw on the board of the European Club that she set fire to the club?

The European Club of the British was situated in Chittagong. A board with the name of the club put up outside the club "dogs and Indians not allowed". Seeing such insulting words written on the board, Pritilata felt very insulted to the Indians.

She used to talk to her friends that British insult Indians by coming to India. So she decided to teach the British a lesson. The idea was to blow up the club inside which Indians were not allowed, which in end would be a pride to India. So Pritilata set fire to the European Club to show what Indians can do to British.

How did Pritilata Waddedar got the insights about the European club?

From the day Pritilata read the derogatory words on the board of the European club, she started planning. She had sent Kalpana Dutta to spy for inside information on the club a week earlier. But Kalpana Datta was caught by the British for spying. Pritilata gained full knowledge of the club through cunning and decided to attack the club on 23 September. 

How did Pritilata Waddedar exploded the European club?

She had seven of his colleagues with her ready to storm the club. She disguised herself as a chief by wearing a turban so that no one could recognize her. It was night time around 10:30 PM and Pritilata entered the club with her friends.

Pritilata entered the club and saw that there were about 40 people in the club. She detonated the bomb near the window of the club. The bomb exploded in the club causing chaos and a fire. Some were injured in the exchange of bullets between Pritilata and the British.

Exploded British Club

An equal war was going on between the two. Thirteen Englishmen were injured and one woman was killed in the attack. Pritilata got shot in the firing and she ran out of ammunition. She was so injured that it was difficult for her to leave the club.

She made up her mind that even if she died, she would not fall into the hands of the British. So he swallowed a potassium cyanide pill she kept with her. She died instantly after swallowing the pill. Her body was found at the scene of the attack the next morning.

Conclusion:

In this article we have seen how bravely Pritilata fought against the British invaders. She chose to die like Rani Lakshmibai. She died on 23 September 1932 after taking a potassium cyanide pill.

She was just 21 years old when she died. The British were so afraid of Pritilata that they even kept her degree on hold. Her family was received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 2012 after 80 years by Calcutta University.

So readers, how did you like the story of Pritilata Waddedar? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is left to mention about Pritilata Waddedar in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will meet again very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta showed revenge?

Hello friends, how are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today from Indian History, we are going to talk about Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta, three young revolutionaries:

• whose trio had shaken the British Writers' House in Calcutta.
• the same revolutionary trio killed an English lieutenant colonel while wearing European clothes.
• the same trio killed the Englishman, who was oppressing the revolutionaries, to death in his own house.

Let's get some information about Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta.

 

Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta

Who was Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta?

Benoy Basu

Benoy Basu was also known as Benai Basu or Vinay Basu. He was born on 11 September 1908 in Rohitbhog village of Munshiganj district (now in Bangladesh).

His mother's name was Kshirodabashini Devi and his father's name was Rebatimohan. His full name was Benoy Krishna Basu. Benoy Basu was very gifted in studies. He was a student of Dhaka Medical College.

Dinesh Gupta

Dinesh Gupta was born on 6 December 1911 in Munshiganj. He met Arvindo Ghosh and his life changed. He was so impressed by listening to Aurobindo Ghosh's speeches. He had awakened a curiosity to do something for the country (India).

Badal Gupta

Badal Gupta was born in 1912 in Munshiganj. His childhood name was Sudhir. Badal Gupta had two uncles who were also earlier associated with revolutionaries. Badal was very good at shooting guns, so he used to teach new revolutionaries how to shoot guns.

Why did the revolutionaries think of killing British officer Colonel Simpson?

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Bengal Volunteer Group in Calcutta. The revolutionaries involved in it made a list of the British who oppressed the Indian revolutionaries. Colonel Simpson's name from Calcutta came first in that list.

Colonel Simpson was the jailer of the Central Jail in Calcutta, he used to torture the prisoners very badly in the jail. Now the revolutionaries were planning to kill Colonel Simpson. Benoy Basu had earlier killed British Inspector General of Police Loman in Dhaka and kept coming to Calcutta from there.

After coming to Calcutta, Benoy joined the organization founded by Subhash Chandra Bose. Badal and Dinesh were also working in the organisation. So the work was entrusted to Benoy Basu, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta.

How Benoy Basu, Dinesh Gupta and Badal Gupta showed revenge?

Benoy, Badal and Dinesh made all preparations to kill Colonel Simpson. They decided to kill Colonel Simpson by breaking into his office, so that the British could also know that Indians are not afraid of anyone and knows to take revenge.

Most of the British offices at that time were in the Dalhousie Square Writers' Building in Calcutta. Colonel Simpson's office was also located in this Square Writer's Building. According to the plan, the three men fixed 8 December 1930 as the day to kill Colonel Simpson.

How did Benoy, Badal and Dinesh entered the Writers Building?

Benoy, Badal and Dinesh were all dressed up as if they were going to meet a big leader. All three looked very English in suits, ties and boots.

car coming to writer's building

In a way that no one would suspect, the three men had hidden the gun in their own way and kept it with them. Three people entered the Writers Building by sitting in a car.

Even the British guard standing below the building could not recognized them. The guard thought that an Englishman working in the office must have come to meet someone. So the guard also took the three people to enter the building.

How did Benoy, Badal and Dinesh killed Lt. Col. Simpson?

Colonel Simpson sitting in office

Entering the building, they finds Colonel Simpson sitting in his office. The trio walked straight into his office and shot and killed Colonel Simpson.

On hearing the sound of gunshots, the clerk standing outside the office rushed inside. They came inside and tried to catch the three, but the three ran away outside the office. Benoy, Badal and Dinesh were trying hard to get out of the building.

How did Benoy, Badal and Dinesh died?

British soldiers surrounded them from all sides. They could not get out because they were afraid of revealing their identities. They did not wanted to get captured by British so they decided to commit suicide.

Benoy and Dinesh themselves tried to commit suicide by shooting themselves. Badal put a potassium cyanide pill in his mouth. Badal died instantly as soon as the pill was placed in his mouth.

Benoy and Dinesh were rushed to the hospital when they shot themselves. After a few days in the hospital, Benoy died during treatment. Dinesh was rescued and charged with murder. Dinesh was sentenced to death in the case.

Conclusion:

In this article we have seen that Benoy Basu, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta killed an Englishman in the British office to scare the British. They martyred for the freedom of the country (India).

• Badal Gupta was martyred on 8 December 1930.
• Benoy Basu was martyred on 13 December 1930.
• While Dinesh Gupta was hanged on 7 July 1931.

Dinesh Gupta was only 19 years old when he was hanged.

Dinesh Gupta, who was sentenced to death by Judge Ralph Revods Garlick, was shot dead by Kanaiyalal Bhattacharya in his own court. Kanaiyalal Bhattacharya avenged the hanging of Dinesh Gupta by shooting the judge dead on 27 July 1931. Dalhousie Square was renamed "BBD Bagh" by the government after independence.

So readers, how did you like the story of this trio? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about her in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your- family and friends.

We will meet again very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Bhagat Singh made British felt insulted?

 Hello friends, how are you all. I hope everyone are healthy and doing progress in life. Today in this article of Gaurav Sangrah, we are going to talk about Bhagat Singh, a revolutionary:

• who used the slogan of Inqlab Zindabad.
• who respected Gandhiji as a leader but ignored his ideas.
• even after passing in front of British, they could not catch him.
• the British were so afraid of him that he was hanged before the appointed time.

So today let us get information about Bhagat Singh.

Bhagat Singh

Who was Bhagat Singh?

Bhagat Singh was born on 28 September 1907 in Banga village of Lyallpur district of Punjab (now Pakistan). Somewhere we find Bhagat Singh's date of birth as 27th September but it is not known whether the date is correct or not. His father's name was Kishan Singh and mother's name was Vidyavati.

As Bhagat Singh's great grandfather had a lot of land, his family was engaged in agriculture. He was educated at the Dayanand Anglo-Vaudic School, Lahore and went to the National College, Lahore.

He was influenced by nationalist teachers named Bhai Parmanand and Jaichand Vindhyaalkar from the time he was in high school. His family were already revolutionaries. His uncle was captured by the British and released on the day Bhagat Singh was born.

What did Bhagat Singh do after hearing the incident of Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

Bhagat Singh was 12 years old when the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place. When he heard the incident of Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he directly walked from school and reached the incident site in Amritsar.

When he reached Jallianwala Bagh, he saw the blood of innocent countrymen everywhere. The water in the well was red with blood and blood splatters were also visible on the walls. Seeing all these scenes, Bhagat Singh developed more hatred towards the British.

He was so shocked by the killing of innocents that he filled a bottle of blood-stained clay and brought it home with him. He decided to teach the British a lesson at an early age.

How did Bhagat Singh join the revolutionaries?

When Bhagat Singh came to know that his marriage discussion was going on in the house, he left the house. He felt the desire to do something for the country. He had joined the Congress before but he did not agree with the ideas of the Congress so he left the Congress.

He loved to read books of revolutionaries, books like Socialism. He read more than 300 books which he used to read whenever he gets time. In 1925 he founded Navjawan Bharat Sabha. There in the meeting he met:

1. Sukhdev
2. Yashpal
3. Bhagwati Charan Vohra
4. Chandrasekhar Azad
5. Yatindranath Das

Why did Bhagat Singh boycott the Simon Commission?

In 1927 AD, Sir John Simon came to India and formed the Simon Commission. The rights and regulations of India were framed in this commission. But in this group of MPs there were only seven British members and not a single Indian.

So people boycotted the Simon Commission from across the country. The British baton-charged the protesting people.

Lala Lajpat Rai was also involved in this protest and was baton-charged on him as well. Many were injured in baton charge. Lala Lajpat Rai was so badly injured that he died within a few days.

How did Bhagat Singh Avenged the death of Lala Lajpatrai?

British officer Stoke ordered the baton charge on those who boycotted the Simon Commission. Lala Lajpatrai was killed in baton charge.

To take revenge, Bhagat Singh along with his friends planned to kill the British officer Scott. Bhagat Singh and Rajguru hid near Scott's office to kill him and waited for Scott to come out.

When he came out of the office, Rajguru had shot the Scott once and Bhagat Singh had shot the Scott thrice. Sukhdev and Chandrasekhar Azad also supported him in their escape when both of them ran away after being shooting him.

An Indian police officer came after them to catch them. Bhagat Singh did not wanted to kill him, but because he was working for an Englishman, they also killed him. 

How did Bhagat Singh made British felt insulted?

Bhagat Singh went to kill Scott but instead, John P. Sondanus was dead. After killing him, Bhagat Singh wrote on the walls that John P. Avenged the death of Lala Lajpatrai by killing Sondanus.

The British were enraged by this incident as they felt insulted. The British were looking for Bhagat Singh and his companions in a confined place in Lahore and were also keeping an eye on the passengers coming and going to the railway station.

Bhagat Singh escaping in front of British

Bhagat Singh used a trick. He disguised himself as a Sardar and boarded a train to Calcutta in front of Britishers without falling into their hands.

Why did Bhagat Singh threw bomb in the Parliament (Assembly)?

Bhagat Singh wanted to convey the message to the people. If the country wants to be freed, we will have to fight with the British, then the country will be freed soon. He wanted to bring revolution in the country.

Smoke Bomb in Parliament

To convey the message to the people, Bhagat Singh along with Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in an empty space in the full house of Parliament in such a way that no one was harmed. They were not destroyed by the bomb, they dropped papers in the meeting saying "A blast is needed to make the deaf hear".

Only smoke came out of the bomb that was planted in Parliament. Bhagat Singh had an escape route but he didn't escaped through it and was deliberately got into the hands of the British. He was jailed and many charges were laid against him.

For what reason was Bhagat Singh hanged?

Bhagat Singh did not escape or fall into the hands of the British. Since then the British were looking for him in Lahore on the charge of murdering John P. Sondanus. When he himself was caught throwing the bomb, he was charged with several crimes and sentenced to death.

The British decided to execute Bhagat Singh, fearing that if he was released with a lenient sentence, it would burden the British. He was announced to be hanged on March 24. If Gandhiji appealed to the Viceroy to pardon the death sentence of Bhagat Singh, the sentence could have been pardoned, but Gandhiji did not do so.

How much the Britishers were afraid of Bhagat Singh?

He was scheduled to be sentenced on March 24, but the sentence was brought forward a day. Because the British were afraid that on the day of execution, the people can cause any trouble to them.

The British were so afraid of Bhagat Singh that he had to be hanged in any case. He was to be hanged on the 24th at 6 am but it was given in the evening a day before. The British executed Bhagat Singh on 23 March 1931 at 7:33 PM in Lahore Center Jail due to the fear of the people, which is usually not carried out in the evening.

Bhagat Singh was 23 years old when he was sentenced. Along with him, Rajguru and Sukhdev were also hanged. Before the hanging, the three embraced each other and held the rope around their necks.

Conclusion:

In this article we saw one of the greatest Freedom Fighter in Indian History. He had no fear of execution. Before his execution he was reading the book of "Lenin" the revolutionary.

After hanging, the body of the deceased should be given to the family members but the British did not give the body of Bhagat Singh. The body was thrown into the river Sutlej, but some people saw that the body was being thrown into the river. People took the dead body out and performed the last rites.

The more we talk about him, the less it is. So here we conclude this article. So readers, how did you like this article? What is your favorite paragraph in this article? What new do you get to know in this article? Want to add something about this article? If I have forgotten anything do mention your opinion in the comment section.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked reading the article, do share it with your friends and family.

We will meet you in another article with another such Freedom Fighter from Indian History, till then take care and keep on reading Gaurav Sangrah

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How Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan arranged for arms?

Hello friends, how are you all, I hope everyone is having fun and staying healthy. Today we are going to talk about "Ram Prasad Bismil" and "Ashfaqulla Khan", two patriotic friends and revolutionaries:

• who fought a lot against the British Empire.
• who also looted the treasure of the British in favour of the country.
• for whom the British kept searching for months, but they did not come into the hands of the British
• who were executed at the age of 27 and 30.

Let's get information about Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaq Ullah Khan.

Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan

Who was Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan?

Ramprasad Bismil

Ramprasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 in Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. His father's name was Muralidhar and mother's name was Moolmati. Muralidhar himself taught Hindi to his son Ramprasad. In the matter of education, his father used to concentrate on his son.

Ramprasad was also fond of learning Urdu so he took Urdu language education from a Maulvi. He had studied in an English school, so he knew the English language as well. He knew many languages. He was also a writer and poet. He wrote many poems and books on the independence of the country.

Ashfaqulla Khan

Ashfaqulla Khan was born on 22 October 1900 in Shahjahanpur. His father's name was Shafiqullah Khan and mother's name was Mazrunissa Begum. He was the youngest of six siblings in the family.

He also used to write shayari and poetry. He had seen the atrocities of the British in Shahjahanpur since childhood. So he hated the British.

How did Ramprasad Bismil join the Arya Samaj?

One day Ramprasad Bismil met Munshi Indrajit. Munshi Indrajit explained to Ramprasad about the Arya Samaj. In which it was asked to stop the mischief of the society and to understand the Vedas.

He gave Ramprasad the book "Satyartha Prakash" written by Swami Dayananda Saraswati to read. Reading the book given by Munshi Indrajit had a deep impact on Ramprasad and he joined the Arya Samaj.

Bhai Parmanand, a member of the Arya Samaj, was sentenced to death for a minor crime. Ramprasad was very angry after hearing this. He got angry and wrote the poem "Mera Janm" against the British.

Which poems of Ramprasad Bismil gained fame?

"Surfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai,

 Dekhna hai jor kitna baju e katil mein hai."

"Na Chahu maan duniya me, na chahu swarglok jana,

mujhe var de yahi mata, rahu Bharat pe diwana,

karu me komki seva, pade chahe karod dukh,

agar fir janm lu aakar, to Bharat mehi ho aanaa."

Which means,

"I don't want honor from the world, I don't want to go to heaven,

oh mother grant me a wish, I shall always be in love with my country.

I will serve the community, no matter how much pain I have to suffer,

if I born again, then I will always to born in India."

We have heard this lines many times but do you know who composed it? The author of the verse was Ramprasad Bismil. He was a patriotic poet. His poems:

• Mind wave
• Mainpuri Key Pledge
• my birth
• Countrymen or name message

gained a lot of fame. He used to publish his poems under the pseudonym Bismil and Rama.

What did Ramprasad Bismil do in Manpuri Conspiracy?

Ramprasad Bismil founded an organization and named it Matruvedi. The organization was also known as "Matrubhumi" or "Matrubhumi Ki Vedi" later the organization was discontinued. To run the organization, Ramprasad used to write and sell his poetry and articles on patriotism.

He sold pamphlets in Mainpuri called "Deshwasio Ke Naam Sandesh" and "Mainpuri Ki Pratijna" to people. In the paper Ram Prasad wrote a lot against the British in the article he was shown to give independence to the whole of India.

Ramprasad's paper had a lot of impact in bringing revolution among the people. The British seized the paper after seeing it written against them and were trying to arrest Ramprasad. Ramprasad escaped from there but all his books were seized by the British.

The British made many searches for Ramprasad but he was hiding underground. Even between Delhi and Agra, Ramprasad was planning to rob the British. When the British came to know that Ram Prasad was in Delhi, the British government set out to arrest Ram Prasad.

Ramprasad also escaped from there and jumped into the river Yamuna. The British realized that Ramprasad died by falling into the river. Ramprasad was able to float in water so he escaped from there and lived underground.

How were both Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan met each other?

One day Ashfaqulla Khan's elder brother came home and told Ashfaq that Ramprasad has been teaching the British a lesson. He has harassed the British in the Manpuri conspiracy.

The British have been trying to capture him for months, but he is not in the hands of the British. After hearing the story of Ramprasad, Ashfaq was very impressed with him and was trying hard to meet him.

After a lot of hard work, both of them met. Ashfaq was asking Ramprasad to join his organization but Ramprasad did not want to accept a newbie. Ashfaq trusted Ramprasad and when Ramprasad felt confident, he was taken into the institute.

How Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan arranged for arms?

After the Chauri Chaura massacre, the non-cooperation movement was abruptly stopped by Gandhiji. After the movement stopped, revolutionaries like Ramprasad Bismil got together and formed another organization of their own.

Kakori Train Massacre

He named the organization "Hindustan Republic Association". The revolutionaries needed money to buy arms and some necessary requirements to run the organization. To collect money, Ramprasad Bismil planned to loot the British treasury.

Ramprasad Bismil was accompanied by Ashfaq Khan and eight other revolutionaries to loot the treasure. A train full of treasure was looted near Kakori under the leadership of Ramprasad Bismil. The name of the organization was later changed to Hindustan Socialist Republic Association.

How was Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan captured by the British?

The British were feeling humiliated by the Kakori Kant. In any case, the British were trying to arrest the revolutionaries in the Kakori scandal. All the revolutionaries succeeded in the mission and escaped in their own way to a safe place.

washerman's cloth

But he did not know that one of his friend Banarasilal's cloth had fallen at the place of theft. The British found that cloth and it had a washerman's mark on it. After questioning the washerman, the British informed about Banarasilal.

So Banarsilal was captured by the British. In this way all the revolutionaries who were involved in the Kakori train robbery were caught but Chandra Shekhar Azad was not caught.

Conclusion:

We have seen in this article that Ramprasad Bismil made the Britishers run after him due to his patriotic poems. His poetry was very useful for the freedom of the people of the country. Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaq Ullah Khan were caught by the British government in the Kakori train robbery. Both of them were hanged on 19 December 1927 in Gorakhpur Jail.

Ramprasad Bismil was only 30 years old and Ashfaq Ullah Khan was 27 years old when he was sentenced. His two other accomplices were also executed along with him. Those who were executed were named.

1. Rajendra Lahiri
2. Roshan Singh

Thousands of people joined the funeral procession of Ram Prasad Bismil. He was cremated on the banks of the Rapti River with Vedic chants. In memory of Ramprasad Bismil, Ramprasad Bismil railway station has been built a little away from Shahjahanpur.

So here I would like to conclude my article, so readers how did you like this article about Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan? Which was your favorite paragraph in this article? If you wish to add something, then do comment in comment section.

Thank you very much for reading my article till the end.

If you enjoyed reading this article, do share it with your friends and colleagues!

We will meet again very soon with more Revolutionaries and explore more on Indian History in a new article, till then take care.

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How Vinoba Bhave got 44 lakh acres land in Bhoodan Movement?

Hello friends, how are you all, I hope you are all healthy and good. Today in this article, from Indian history we are going to see the biography of Vinoba Bhave, a person:

• who took a vow of lifelong celibacy at the age of ten.
• who gave 44 lakhs acers land to the Harijans for farming.
• who went to jail several times for the country.

So let us begin the story on Vinoba Bhave.

Vinoba Bhave

Who was Vinoba Bhave?

Vinoba Bhave was born on 11 September 1895 in Gagoda village of Maharashtra. His childhood name was Vinayak Narahari Bhave. He was born in a middle class Brahmin family. His father used to make Narahari Rang (Black color).

At that time colors were imported from abroad. His father Narahari believed that if the color is made in the country, there would be no need to import it from abroad.

His mother Rukmanibai was absorbed in the devotion of God all day long. She used to tell him ancient stories like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Gita from childhood.

Vinoba Bhave's life was deeply influenced by scriptures. He took a vow not to marry and remain celibate at the tender age of ten. At a young age he was thinking of renouncing the world and going to the Himalayas.

What was the influence of Gandhiji in the life of Vinoba Bhave?

Vinoba Bhave was already influenced by Gandhiji's ideas. He always used to read Gandhiji's lectures and articles in news papers.

Once Gandhiji gave a speech in Banaras University. Vinoba Bhave read Gandhiji's speech in a news paper and realized what he needed to do in life. Influenced by Gandhiji's speech, he was on his way to take the intermediate exam in Mumbai and did not take the exam.

After listening to Gandhiji's speech, he tore up all his school certificates and burnt them. He was going to go to the Himalayas after taking asceticism, but then he left to meet Gandhiji.

Where did Vinoba Bhave meet Gandhiji?

Vinoba Bhave considered Gandhiji as his Guru. He wrote a letter to Gandhi and requested to meet him. Gandhi called him to meet at the Kochrab Ashram Ahmedabad. Kocharab Ashram was Gandhiji's first ashram.

When Gandhi saw Vinoba Bhave for the first time, he was surprised. Because Vinoba Bhave was also simple and straight-forward in dress like Gandhiji. He also did not use many clothes to cover his body like Gandhiji. Vinoba Bhave met him at the Kocharab Ashram and started living the life of an ascetic staying in the Ashram.

What did Vinoba Bhave do in association with Gandhiji?

While staying in the ashram, Vinoba Bhave used to educate the children of the ashram. He went to the surrounding villages and took up the work of cleaning campaign. He also participated in the non-cooperation movement along with Gandhiji.

He also had to go to jail for boycotting foreign goods. Even in prison, he continued to acquire knowledge, he himself continued to read and write, but at the same time, he also imparted knowledge to the inmates.

Reading Gita

He translated the Bhagwat Gita into Marathi while in jail and imparted knowledge to the inmates. Gandhiji was very impressed by Vinoba Bhave's work. Gandhiji gave him the name Vinoba from Vinayaka.

What did Vinoba Bhave do to make people aware?

Gandhi assigned him to take charge of the Wardha Ashram in Maharashtra. He was managing such an ashram while staying in Vardha Ashram. He also started a monthly magazine in Maharashtra called "Maharashtra Dharma".

Writing Monthly Magazine

In his magazine, he used to write an essay on the importance of Vedanta and its utility. The pamphlet named "Maharashtra Dharma" became so popular among the people that later it started to be published weekly instead of monthly.

His pamphlet "Maharashtra Dharma" was very helpful in awakening the people for independence. His pamphlet gained fame for three consecutive years.

Satisfied with his work, Gandhi sent him to Vaikobh, a small village in Kerala for further work. Where Harijans were barred from entering the temple. He was sent to remove the discrimination of high and low among the people.

How Vinoba Bhave got 44 lakh acres land in Bhoodan Movement?

Bhoodan means donation of land. When it comes to Bhoodan, Vinoba Bhave is remembered first. He contributed a lot to Bhoodan. He went to meet the people of Pochampalli village in Telangana.

The Harijans there did not even have enough land to earn a living by farming. So the Harijans demanded 80 acres of land from Vinoba Bhave for livelihood. When Vinoba Bhave spoke to the big landlords, the village landlords were ready to donate some of their land.

In this way, Vinoba Bhave walked 17 kilometers in the country on foot and got about 44 lakh acres of land donated from the landlords, village to village. He gave the donated land to poor farmers for cultivation. He continued the Bhoodan movement for 13 years.

Which famous books did Vinoba Bhave wrote?

Following are the famous books of Vinoba Bhave:

1. Essence of Bhagavad Gita
2. Sarvodaya
3. Swarajya Shastra
4. Re-establishment of Gandhian principles
5. Path of Independence
6. Gita Discourse
7. Power of non-violence
8. Vinoba Bhave about education
9. Gram Gita
10. India of my dreams

any many more books were written by him.

Conclusion:

In this article we have seen how Vinoba Bhave meets Gandhiji. His and Gandhiji's ideas were compatible with each other. He was very saddened to hear the news of Gandhiji's death, but he continued his social service work again. He spent his last days at Punar Ashram in Maharashtra.

When he fell ill in his last days, he stopped taking medicine and drinking. Vinoba Bhave died on 15 November 1982 due to abstinence from food and water. In 1983, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna by the Government of India.

So readers, how did you feel about Vinoba Bhave's biography? What did you learn from this article? What is your favorite paragraph in this? If you wish to add something you can add in the comment section below.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

Take care till we meet back very soon with exciting biographies of such great peoples of India from Indian History.

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How did Surya Sen Captured British outpost?

 Hello friends, how are you all. I hope you are all having fun and being healthy. Today we are going to talk about Surya Sen, a patriot of India

• also known as "Master Da" in Indian History.
• whose revolutionary group included youths as young as 16, 17 years.
• who also attacked the British outpost to get machine guns and ammunition.

Let us know the history of Surya Sen who made plans in such a mind.

Surya Sen

Who was Surya Sen?

Surya Sen was born on 22 March 1894 in Noapara village of Chittagong (now Bangladesh) in a middle class family. His father used to teach children in Rajmani Sen School. After his schooling he completed his B.A from Brajmohan College, Berhampur.

After coming from college, he served as a teacher in a school in Chittagong. In school, he used to teach children his favorite subject Mathematics. Since Surya Sen was a teacher in the school, he was affectionately called "Master Da" (a respect in Bengali) by the children and the villagers.

Why did Surya Sen left Indian National Congress organization?

From childhood, Surya Sen had seen the atrocities of the British and developed a hatred towards them. He decided to fight against the British and joined the Indian National Congress. He also worked with Gandhiji in the non-cooperation movement in India.

When Surya Sen saw the work of the Indian National Congress organization, he found it very slow. He began to think that if they work so slowly, when will the British be taught a lesson? Surya Sen wanted to teach the British a lesson as soon as possible. So he left the Congress organization and started thinking of forming a separate group of his own.

How did Surya Sen built his revolutionary army against British?

He wanted to teach the British a lesson as soon as possible. Special training was given to the students of the school where he used to teach as a teacher. He had prepared an army of his own consisting of 15 to 17-year-old hot-blooded, passionate young revolutionaries.

Surya Sen's Army

Initially there were 60 youths in his army, then gradually an army of 500 youths was prepared. Surya Sen named his army IRA. The full name of IRA was "Indian Republican Army".

Which revolutionaries were involved in the Indian Republican Army?

Girls also played a role as revolutionaries in Surya Sen's IRA organization. Some of them were Kalpana Dutt and Pritilata Waddedar.

The names of the revolutionary brothers were:

1. Ganesh Ghosh,
2. Anant Singh,
3. Loknath Bal,
4. Ambika Chakraborty,
5. Manoranjan Bhattacharya,

 Such revolutionaries were included in the IRA organization.

How did Surya Sen Captured British outpost?

Surya Sen was planning to expel the British from Chittagong. He had an army of passionate revolutionaries but very few weapons. They needed arms to fight the British. He knew that the British bunker in Chittagong had lots of guns, ammunition, etc.

He planned to attack the armed outpost of the British along with a few colleagues from his army. As planned, he attacked outpost with his colleagues at night. After the attack, they took complete control of outpost. On the outpost, they raised slogans of "Vande Mataram" and "Inqalab Zindabad" and hoisted the Indian flag after removing the British flag.

They captured the British outpost, but they did not get the machine guns and ammunition which they wanted. They returned with the pistol they found. Surya Sen's revolt against the British is also known as the "Chittagong Mutiny".

What was the plan of Surya Sen to carry out the "Chittagong Mutiny".

At first, Surya Sen, along with his colleagues, blocked the telephone, telegraph and railway lines near the outpost. The telephone line was closed so that the British could not immediately send a message to anyone else for their own help.

The tracks of the railway line were broken and no one could come soon to help them in Chittagong. Surya Sen used his intelligence to prepare the "Chittagong Mutiny" with his allies.

How did Surya Sen survive the British?

Surya Sen knew that the British were not going to sit quietly when the British were attacked. Escaping the British, Surya Sen and his companions left Chittagong and hid in the forest area. The British knew that the revolutionaries were hiding in the forests around Chittagong.

Hiding in Forest

The British were trying hard to find the revolutionaries but they could not find Surya Sen. Once there was a war between Surya Sen's army and the British and the British had to suffer a lot. In the battle he killed 80 British soldiers but 12 of his comrades also lost their lives.

What was the reward given by the British for the capture of Surya Sen?

The British had tried many ways to capture Surya Sen but he did not fall into the hands of the British. Finally, the British offered a reward of 10,000 Rs for the capture of Surya Sen. 10,000 Rs was considered a huge sum at that time.

None of the people of Chittagong informed about Surya Sen. He had a friend named Sainama Netra Sen who did not get along with Surya Sen much, he betrayed Surya Sen.

Netra Sen's greed for the money informed the British about Surya Sen, the British caught Surya Sen. When accomplices found out that Netra Sen had caught Surya Sen, one of the accomplices cut Netra Sen's throat.

Conclusion:

In this article, we saw how much the people of Chittagong supported him. Although the people of the village knew, the people did not inform the British about him. Surya Sen was attacking the enemy with gorilla warfare strategy. He was hanged on 12 January 1934.

Surya Sen wrote in a letter to a friend a day before he was hanged. "Comrades, there is no need to panic. Our intention is to make the country free. Step forward in faith, there is no need to turn back. Our victory is certain”. It is said that when he was executed, he was in a state of unconsciousness. A monument named after him has been erected at the place where he was hanged.

So here I would like to conclude my article, so readers how did you like this article about Surya Sen? Which was your favorite paragraph in this article? If you wish to add something, then do comment in comment section.

Thank you very much for reading my article till the end.

If you enjoyed reading this article, do share it with your friends and colleagues!

We will meet again very soon with more Revolutionaries and explore more on Indian History in a new article, till then take care.

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How Sarojini Naidu educated people in the freedom movement?

Hello friends, how are you all, I hope you are all healthy and having fun. Today in this article of Gaurav Sangrah, we are going to talk about Sarojini Naidu,  a women freedom fighter:

• who was a freedom fighter as well as an Indian poet and political activist in Indian History.
• who was named "Hind's Bulbul" by Gandhiji.
• who went to jail 21 times to get the country free.
• first woman governor of independent India.

Today we get to know about such a country lover Sarojini Naidu.

Sarojini Naidu

Who was Sarojini Naidu?

Sarojini Naidu was born on 13 February 1879 in a Bengali Brahmin family in Hyderabad. She was the eldest among eight siblings. Her father Adhorinath Chattopadhyay, who was a professor at Nizam College in Hyderabad, also worked as a social reformer.

Her mother Vardasundaridevi write poems in Bengali language. Mother was a poet, father was a social reformer, so daughter had the qualities of both parents. Sarojani Naidu had a court marriage with Govinda Rajulu Naidu.

She married into another caste. At that time marrying into another caste was considered a crime. But the father allowed the marriage without any discrimination. Earlier her surname was Chattopadhyay, after marriage the surname was Naidu.

How did Sarojini Naidu got a scholarship to pursue further education?

Sarojini Naidu was very bright in acquiring education. She passed the matriculation examination when she was 12 years old. She came first from Madras University in the matriculation examination. Bengal was ruled by the Nizam at that time.

Nizam

The Nizam was delighted by her poetry collection "The Golden Threshold", which had become so much popular. So she received a scholarship from Nizam College to study accounting. She went to England to do her college education. Educated at King's College London in England and Girton College, Cambridge University.

What achievements did Sarojini Naidu achieved in her life?

1.Sarojani Naidu knew many languages ​​like Urdu, Telugu, Hindi, English and Bengali and could speak and write well. She was very fond of writing poems. She used to write poetry in Hindi, English, Gujarati, Bengali etc languages.

She inherited writing poetry from his mother as his mother also wrote poetry. Her first poetry collection "The Golden Threshold" which was published in 1300 lines became very popular.

2. Sarojni Naidu was also doing social welfare work, she went to the villages and served the poor people. She used to be present in places where there was a flood in the river or there was a drought and provided food, water, clothes and shelter to the people.

Rescue in flood

Pleased with her work, the British government also awarded her "Keshari Hind". After seeing the atrocities committed by the British in Jallianwala Bagh, Sarojini Naidu returned the award to the British government.

3. One day Sarojini Naidu met with Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Gopal Krishna Gokhale greatly appreciated her poems and mentored her in writing them.

If one writes on the subject of revolutionaries, the spirit of revolutionaries will be generated in the people and the spirit of fighting for the freedom of the country will be awakened. She started writing poetry on Krantikari (Revolutionaries), following the words of Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Poems reached the masses and her poetry came in handy in the freedom struggle.

4. Sarojani Naidu was elected as the second woman president of the Indian National Congress.

5. She became the first woman governor of independent India after independence.

How Sarojini Naidu educated people in the freedom movement?

Sarojini Naidu used to go from village to village giving lectures. Women were taken out of the kitchen and explained their rights. She used to give information about things like widow remarriage, women education, participation in the freedom struggle. As social worker, she always helped the poor and distressed people.

After meeting Gandhiji, she was with Gandhi Bapu in many satyagrahas like Dandi March, Quit India Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement.

Due to the number of agitations Sarojini Naidu had done with Gandhi Bapu, she even had to go to jail at times. Sarojni Naidu had also stayed in jail for 21 months. She also traveled to countries like America, Africa, London to spread awareness to bring freedom to the country.

Some of Sarojini Naidu's famous Poems.

Following are the names of famous poems written by Sarojini Naidu.

1. Suttee
2. To Indian
3. Indian Wavers
4. Indian Dancer
5. The Soul's Prayer
6. Ecstasy
7. The Golden Threshold
8. In The Forest
9.  Palanquin Bearers
10. An Indian Love Song
11. Nightfall City in Hyderabad
12. Damayante to Nala in the Hour of Exile, etc

poems became very popular. Rabindranath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru also appreciated her poems. 

Conclusion:

In this article we have seen how much Sarojini Naidu contributed to the freedom of the country. She was called "Bulbul-e-hind" due to her sweet voice. Gandhi gave her the name "Bharat Kokila".

She suffered a heart attack while working in his office as usual in Lucknow. She died of heart disease on 2 March 1949. Her birth day is also celebrated as National Women's Day. On 13 February 1964, the Government of India issued a 15 paise postage stamp in his memory. 

So here, I would like to conclude my article here. Hhow did you liked this article on Sarojini Naidu? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about Sarojini Naidu in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will come back very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Begum Hazrat Mahal became a trouble for British?

Hello readers friends, how are you all. I hope everyone is happy and healthy. Today from Indian History we are going to talk about Begum Hazrat Mahal, a women freedom fighter,

• whose name was sufficient for british to get afraid of
• who was also known as Mahal Pari in the palace.
• whose tombs can still be found in Nepal today.

So let us begin the journey on Begum Hazrat Mahal.

Begum Hazrat Mahal

Who was Begum Hazrat Mahal?

Begum Hazrat Mahal was born in 1820 in Oudh (also known as Awadh), Fezabad (in Uttar Pradesh). For some reason she was sold to a brothel dancer at an early age. Her childhood name was Mohammadi Khurram.

When Mohammadi Khurram grew up, the brothel dancer taught her to dance and sent her to dance in the palaces. Mohammadi Khurra was no less than a nymph in appearance. She was known in palaces as "Mahel Pari".

When Mahel Pari got the name "Hazarat Mahal"?

She used to go to the palaces to dance. One day she was dancing in the court of Wajid Shah (King of Awadh). When the king saw her, he felt love with her.

Seeing the nature, intelligence and beauty of Mahel Pari, Wajdali Shah married Mahal Pari. She became Mahel Pari Begum after marriage and was the second wife of Wajedli Shah. After the marriage Begum gave birth to a son named Birjis Kader. Begum was then named as "Hazarat Mahal" after the birth of Birjis Kader.

How did East India Company grab Awadh?

The British were doing injustice to the kings of Hindustan at that time. Also known as the "grab policy" by falsely incorporating the kingdom of Kings with the East India Company. Wajedli was trying also to usurp Shah's kingdom.

The rule of East India Company was that if a king did not have an heir, he should hand over his kingdom to East India Company. Wajedli Shah had a son so wanted to implicate him wrongly.

victim people

He was falsely accused. Like Wajedali Shah does not know how to manage the state. People are not happy with it and took over Awadh by making false accusations.

Why didn't Begum Hazrat Mahal left Lucknow?

The British included Oudh (Awadh) in the East India Company. Wajdali Shah, the king of Oudh, left the kingdom and was sent to Calcutta in Bengal. In Calcutta, money was sent to him every month in the form of pension.

Wajedali Shah kept going to Calcutta but Begum Hazrat Mahal was not ready to leave Lucknow because she decided to stay in Lucknow and fight against the British for her rule of Oudh.

Why did both Hindus and Muslims supported Begum Hazrat Mahal?

Begum Hazrat Mahal was preparing an army with her son in Lucknow. She prepared her army by taking not only Muslims but also Hindus. The British used to destroy Hindu temples and blame the Muslims, they destroyed Majid and blamed the Hindus.

In this way the british made Hindus and Muslims fight against each other. The soldiers too did not like working in  East India Company, because they were forced to open the cartridges with their mouths.

Both of them did not like that the religion of both Hindus and Muslims would be corrupted as the cartridges were made of cow and pig fat. She had support from both Hindus and Muslims. 

How did Begum Hazrat Mahal became a trouble for British?

Begum Hazrat Mahal was ruling from Lucknow. She prepared her own army and was supported by Molvi Ahmad and Nana Saheb II. She defeated the British in many places with the help of her army. Begum Hazrat Mahal was now suffocating under the noses of the Britishers, which disturbed the britishers a lot.

The British wanted to capture her but she did not come under British control. Now the British knew that the she would not come into their hands so the British called other troops from abroad to capture her.

Why did Begum Hazrat Mahal went to Nepal with her son?

After Begum Hazrat Mahal separated the detachments of the army, they were sent for war. The division of army led to its subsequent defeat against the British. 

Delhi Invasion

The British conquered Delhi by invading it and now the entire British army was advancing to invade Lucknow. Begum Hazrat Mahal came to know that the British army was coming to capture her so she went to Nepal with her son.

Conclusion:

Thus, we have seen in this article how Begum Hazrat Mahal became a queen from a simple girl. Knowing the name Begum Hazrat Mahal, it seems as if there is a history of a palace, but this is the history of a queen. She wanted to come back to India but could not.

She died in Nepal on 7 April 1879 due to illness. Her mausoleum was built in Kathmandu which we can still see today. The Government of India also issued a postage stamp in her memory.

So readers, how did you like the story of Begum Hazrat Mahal? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about her in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will meet again very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Madam Bhikaji Cama honoured India in Germany?

Hello friends, how are you all. I hope you are all in good spirits and healthy. Today we are going to get information about a brave women freedom fighter Madam Bhikaji Cama

• from whom the British were afraid of even though she was in abroad.
• the first person to hoist the Indian flag on foreign land in Indian history.
• who used to give speeches against the British without any fear in countries like America and Europe.

So let us get some information about her.

Madam Bhikaji Cama

Who was Madam Bhikaji Cama?

Madam Bhikaji Cama was born on 24 September 1861 in Mumbai to a wealthy Parsi family. She was educated at Alexander Parsi Girls' School. She was very clever in studying. When she was four years old, she heard about the sacrifices of heroic revolutionaries like Rani Lakshmibai, Tatya Tope, and Mangal Pandey.

From childhood, she was awakened to the spirit of serving the country. As she became more understanding, she loved serving the country, helping people, fighting for the country's freedom.

But her father did not liked his daughter to work against the British for the sake of the country. Even though her father refused her, she did not believe her father's words. So his father got his daughter married to Rustam Khurshid Kama of a rich family.

Her husband also did not liked that she was still serving the country even after marriage, because her husband was rich and fond of foreign things. Madam Bhikaji Cama was against foreign items. So there was always a rift between both husband and wife.

Why did Madam Bhikaji Cama have to go to England?

Madam Bhikaji Cama did not hesitate to serve the sick and the poor. If she got an opportunity, she never missed the opportunity to serve sick and poor people. In 1896, a terrible disease of plague spread in Mumbai at that time.

plague spread

Madam Bhikhaji used to serve sick people. While serving the sick, she herself was suffering from a terrible illness.

Her husband Rustam Khurshid Cama had sent her to England to cure her illness. There she met Shyamji Krishnavarma. Shyamji Krishnavarma was fighting for the freedom of India while living in England.

How did Madam Bhikaji Cama honoured India in Germany?

An international convention was organized in Germany in 1907. Madam Bhikaji Cama and Ranaji were sent as India's representatives in the planning. All the countries present in the convention hoisted their respective national flags. Madam Bhikaji Cama hoisted the national flag of India in that event.

International Convention

At that time she was the first Indian woman to hoist the national flag of India on forign land. She also gave a speech while hoisting the national flag. In the speech, she talked about the freedom of the country and spoke a lot about the atrocities committed by the British.

How was the national flag of India hoisted in Germany?

The national flag of India hoisted in Germany was a tricolor. The national flag was green, saffron and red.

1. The green color above had eight lotuses symbolizing the seven stars of Saptarshi.
2. Vande Mataram was written in the kesari color in between which was in Devanagari script.
3. The red color which was at the bottom symbolized the sun and the moon.

What was Madam Bhikaji Cama doing for the country even while living abroad?

Madam Bhikhaji Kama used to give speeches against the British without any fear for the freedom of the country even in countries like Europe and America. Her speeches encouraged the people of India to fight against the British for freedom.

Madam Bhikaji used to buy new types of toys from abroad. Guns, cartridges etc. inside the toys were being sent to India with their friends from abroad without anyone knowing. Books giving information on how to make guns, ammunition, cartridges etc. were smuggled from abroad to India.

Why were Britishers afraid of Madam Bhikaji Cama?

Even while living abroad, Madam Bhikaji Cama used to give speeches against the British and encouraged the people of the country, the British were afraid of the speeches. Even when Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal, Madam Bhikaji Cama protested against it. Her house in Paris was considered the main center for revolutionaries for Indians living abroad.

The British were so afraid of Madam Bhikhaji Kama that the French government was asked by the British to arrest Madam Bhikaji Cama for treason. When Madam Bhikaji Cama came to know about this, she was going to Paris from America.

Where did Madam Bhikaji Cama want to spend the last days of her life?

Madam Bhikaji was working abroad for 35 years. Now she wanted to spend her last days in India. The British were so afraid of her that they did not allowed her to return to India. Madam Bhikhaji Kama's friends wrote letters to the Government of India requesting her permission to return to India.

Conclusion:

Madam Bhikhaji Kama's illness increased due to aging. After coming to India, she was admitted to Parsi Dharmada Hospital in Mumbai. Their she died in the hospital on 13 August 1936. She introduced a newspaper called Vandemataram which published the speeches of leaders and about the injustices of the British. An organization of revolutionaries started "Abhinav Bharat". She spent her entire life for the country even while living abroad.

So readers, how did you like the story of Madam Bhikaji Cama? What are the things which should be added more in this article? If anything is remaining about Madam Bhikaji Cama in this article feel free to comment in the comment box.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked the article then do share it with your family and friends.

We will meet again very soon in another article with such another women freedom fighter from Indian History, till then take care.

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How did Bal Gangadhar Tilak opposed Bengal partition?

Hello friends, how are you all. I hope everyone is healthy and having fun. Today in this article, from the Indian History, we are going to talk about Bal Gangadhar Tilak

• whose slogan was 'Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall carry it'.
• along with the freedom fighter, he was also a writer and a social reformer.
• british considered him as the "father of Indian unrest".
• also known as "father of Indian revolutions"
• also known as "Lokmanya Tilak"

People who are going to get information about the popular Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Who was Bal Gangadhar Tilak?

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23 July 1856 in a Brahmin family in the village of Chikhli in the Konkan region (Ratnagiri) of Maharashtra. He belonged to a high Brahmin family. When Bal Gangadhar was young, his father used to come to Pune with his family.

In childhood, he was used to call Gangadhar. His first name was Keshav. He was married off at the young age of fifteen. He was very good at studies. His favorite subject was mathematics. He completed his legal studies by passing B.A. He was considered among the brightest students in schools and colleges.

His friend asked him one day that why he became a lawyer after all mathematics was his favorite subject. Then Bal Gangadhar Tilak replied that he can get a job in mathematics subject anywhere, but the country needs a lawyer to protect the country (India).

What reforms did Bal Gangadhar Tilak made in the society?

The British used to teach with their own policies in the schools they captured. Bal Gangadhar therefore established the "New English School" and the children were educated according to Hindu culture. Children received school education but for further education Bal Gangadhar Tilak also established "Fagursan College".

He also protested against some social evil activities, such as:

1. sati practice,
2. child marriage,
3. caste system
4. Women were encouraged for education.

What message did Bal Gangadhar Tilak want to convey to people by celebrating festivals?

He used to think of something new for how the country should be freed from slavery. He thought of bringing people together and awakening them for the freedom of the country. For this Bal Gangadhar Tilak decided to celebrate festivals like Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Jayanti for weeks. People will gather, meet each other, discuss and talk to each other about the freedom of the country. Thinking that, Bal Gangadhar Tilak wanted to make people aware through festivals.

Why was Bal Gangadhar Tilak imprisoned?

Bal Gangadhar Tilak joined his body, mind and money to liberate the country. He was fighting against the British along with Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal and Lala Lajpatrai of Punjab. Their trio became very famous as the "Lal Bal Pal" trio.

The trio of "Lal Bal Pal" made a lot of noise against the British. The British were looking for any excuse to flood them in jail. At that time, plague was spreading in Maharashtra. People were leaving their homes and fleeing to avoid illness. At that time, the British government handed over the power of Maharashtra to General Rand.

As soon as he came to power, General Rand started oppressing the people as he pleased. He treated people badly. People were completely fed up by him. So Bal Gangadhar Tilak helped his comrades in killing General Rand. The British got a chance to file a case against Bal Gangadhar Tilak, so Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned.

How did Bal Gangadhar Tilak opposed Bengal partition?

Bal Gangadhar Tilak did not like that Lord Curzon wanted to divide Bengal in 1905. He also strongly opposed Lord Curzon over the partition of Bengal. He boycotted foreign goods to oppose Lord Curzon.

Burning Clothes

Most of the people of the country supported him a lot in opposing the foreign objects. Holi was celebrated by burning foreign clothes on the road. Foreign goods were boycotted much like foreign liquor was poured down the drain.

pouring liquor in drainage

What did Bal Gangadhar Tilak did in jail?

He got a lot of time in jail when he was incarcerated. He did not wasted his time in prison. He studied the Vedas while in prison. He found out how old the Vedas are. In his "Orayan Granth" he proved that the Vedas are six thousand (6000) years old.

Which books were written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak?

He came out of jail and asked his friends to make people aware about:

1. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and
2. Vishnu Shastri Pipunkarni

With the help, a daily news paper was published which became very popular. The names of the news papers were:

1. Keshari: which was published in Marathi language and
2. Maratha: which was in English language.

His books were titled:

1. Decision of Vedakal
2. Gita Rahasya or Karma Yoga Shastra
3. The original abode of the Aryas
4. Time determination of Vedas
5. Vedag Jyotish etc. texts were written.

Conclusion:

In this article we have seen how Bal Gangadhar Tilak fought for the freedom of the country. He used most of his time for the interest of the country. He died on 1 August 1920 Many works were done for the benefit of the people. So he was trusted by the people, so people also called him "Lokmanya Tilak" with respect.

He adopted the Congress party but did not like the policies of the British. He demanded complete Swaraj against the British. Bal Gangadhar Tilak did not agree with the Congress party so he was also known as the "Leader of Garam Dal". Gandhi called him the creator of modern India. Jawaharlal Nehru hailed him as the "father of Indian revolutions".

The more we talk about him, the less it is. So here we conclude this article. So readers, how did you like this article? What is your favorite paragraph in this article? What new do you get to know in this article? Want to add something about this article? If I have forgotten anything do mention your opinion in the comment section.

Thank you very much for reading this article till the end.

If you liked reading the article, do share it with your friends and family.

We will meet you in another article with another such Freedom Fighter from Indian History, till then take care and keep on reading Gaurav Sangrah

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